External links and references Few historical events have caused as much death and destruction as the World Wars. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Zhang, seeing that he had a large body and impressed by his plea, released him and had him serve as a police officer, along with Shi, and both of them were said to be capable at catching criminals. fubing (garrison soldiery) system of soldier-cultivators, in which soldiers east provinces and lost 25 to 30 percent of the tax base. Despite superior numbers, the geography of the mountain passes precluded an advance on the capital of Changan until 756, at which point Xuanzong was forced to flee to Sichuan where he abdicated his throne. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Yang Guozhong later accused Wei of bribing An's associate Ji Wen (), and Wei and Ji were both demoted. The rebellion overtly began on 16 December 755, when general An History sometimes seems to be an inevitable process but it was not. Roberts, Oxford University Press (2000), The Hundred Years War, Vol. Nearly 36 million people died, a toll comparable to the first world war. The rebellion overtly began on December 16, 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on February 17, 763 (although The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general officer of the Tang military system. The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang Dynasty of China. Answers must be in-depth and comprehensive, or they will be removed. This type of conduct led to rumors of an inappropriate relationship between Yang and An Lushan. [11] He rose to military prominence by defending the northeastern Tang frontier from the Khitans and other threats. WebAn Lushan (; c. 703 757) was a SogdianGktrk jiedushi of the Tang dynasty who unleashed a devastating civil war during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. Although it is difficult to An Lushan had good relations with the High Chancellor, Li Linfu. In 755, when Zhang Xun was in the prime of his life, the Tang Golden Age was shattered. Here are our sources: The Punic Wars, Nigel Bagnall, St. Martins Press, 2005, A Companion to the Punic Wars, B.D. "[23][24] Edward H. Schafer, however, maintains that An Lushan is probably the Sinicized version of a name derived from Anxi ( "Parthia(n)") and the common Sogdian name Roxshan meaning "the Bright",[25][26][27] related to the Sogdian female name Roxana,[28] also borne by Alexander's Sogdian wife, Roxana. Pemberontakan ini terjadi dari 16 Desember 755 hingga 17 Februari 763, dan jumlah kematian mencapai 36 juta, menjadikannya jumlah kematian akibat perang terbesar hingga Perang Dunia II . Read More: 16 Shocking Facts about Joseph Stalin The Conquest of Mexico by Corts; author unknown (c. late 17th century). [30] Why do you want to cane An Lushan to death?" Encompassing the creation and first use of atomic weapons, the mass industrial extermination of humans during the Holocaust, in addition to combat fatalities and widespread starvation, the Second World War is estimated to have been responsible for the deaths of 50,000,000 to 85,000,000. Also Chinese land was fertile and worth fighting over. JavaScript is disabled. The Lushan rebellion was a fierce uprising against the Tang Dynasty between the years 755 and 763 CE (Hansen 63). An Lushan was born An Rokhan in 703 in northern Manchuria, where his father was a Sogdian sartapo (merchant) employed by the Turkic Khanate to administer their domains. Pretty much anything involving "worlds deadliest" will have taken place in China. After reaching Sichuan, Xuanzong abdicated in favor of the crown prince, who was proclaimed Suzong. Roberts. The Battle of Anqing (1861), by Wu Youru (c. 1886). [37] However, this figure is contested for various reasons, and scholars attribute part of the "deaths" (the count being derived from the difference in population according to the Tang census before and after the rebellion) to a breakdown in Tang taxation and census gathering. At An's request, Emperor Xuanzong allowed him to award his soldiers with high ranks without first receiving imperial approval. TIL that, in terms of global population, the deadliest conflict of all time was the In all, the war-related deaths numbered around 7-12 million people. 336 BC323 BC. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. The war had few set battles, but this did not stop the Dungan Revolt from becoming one of historys most genocidal conflicts. By 1877, in Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia, two million Hui Muslims were dead while roughly six million Han had also been killed. These deaths represented almost 50 percent of the entire population of the three provinces. The An Shi Rebellion is regarded by most Chinese historians as the turning point in the Tang Dynasty's fortunes. This page was last edited on 27 December 2022, at 14:50. Selected Death Tolls for Wars, Massacres and Atrocities Before the 20th Century, Chinese History - Political History of the Tang Dynasty, https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=An_Lushan&oldid=1054297, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. Despite concluding in the unconditional surrender of the Axis to the Allies, tensions did not abate; instead, the emergence of the United States and Soviet Union as rival superpowers merely provided the foundations for the half-century Cold War that was to follow. Initial stage In the spring of 755, matters were beginning to 10. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty , with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. Wikimedia Commons. Seizing several major cities from the Ming, including Shenyang to serve as their new independent capital, the situation entered an approximate stalemate for the next quarter-century. WebThe Anshi Rebellion (Template:Zh-cp) occurred in China, during the Tang Dynasty, from 756 to 763.It is also known as the Tianbao Rebellion (), because An Lushan If so, and even if not, what percentage of the world died during this revolt? The blow that mortally weakened Tang was the Huang Chao rebellion, which raged for a full decade from 874 to 884. 3. Please read the rules before participating, as we remove all comments which break the rules. 1988 (vol. Feng joined forces with Gao and urged a retreat to Tong Pass; Gao agreed, and they took up defensive positions there, and An did not proceed quickly, but remained at Luoyang, planning to declare himself emperor there. Matsui 1981. A great revolt broke out that shook China to its very core. China spans five geographical time zones and borders 14 different countries, the second most In 752, he wanted to launch a major counterattack against the Khitan, requesting that the ethnically Tujue general Li Xianzhong () accompany him. [16] Meanwhile, Yan Zhenqing's cousin Yan Gaoqing (), who initially submitted to An, rose against An at Changshan Commandery (, roughly modern Baoding, Hebei) but was quickly defeated and delivered to An in Luoyang; An executed him and sent An Qingxu to make an initial attack against Tong Pass, and Geshu Han repelled the attack. Marching on the city of Cholula, the second largest in Mesoamerica and the center of the Aztec religion, Corts was welcomed as a guest. Wikimedia Commons. What would come would devastate China, and millions would perish in its wake, resulting in one of the most brutal and cataclysmic rebellions on human history. 1: Trial by Battle, J. Sumption, University of Pennsylvania Press (1999), The Napoleonic Wars 1803-1815, David Gates, Random House (2011), Napoleons Wars: An International History, 1803-1815, Charles Esdaile (2008), The Concise History of the Crusades, Thomas Madden, Rowman and Littlefield (2013), Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors A.D. 425-600, Averil Cameron, Cambridge University Press (2000), Three Kingdoms: A Historical Novel, Moss Roberts, University of California Press (1991), The Mughal Empire, John Richards, Cambridge University Press (1995), The Origins of the Thirty Years War, Myron Gutmann, Journal of Interdisciplinary History (1988), History of the Thirty Years War, Antonin Gindely, Putnam (1884), The Russian Civil War, 1918-22, David Bullock, Osprey Publishing (2008), A Peoples Tragedy: A History of the Russian Revolution, Orlando Figes, Penguin Books(1998), Fall of the Inca Empire and the Spanish Rule in Peru, 1530-1780, Philip Means, Scribner (1932), The Last Days of the Incas, Kim Macquarrie, Simon and Schuster (2007), Temur and the Problem of a Conquerors Legacy, Beatrice Forbes Manz, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (April 1998), Tamburlaine the Great, Christopher Marlowe, Kessinger Publishing, LLC (2010), Encyclopaedia of World War I, Spencer Tucker and Priscilla Roberts, ABC-CLIO (2005), The Background of the Rebellion of An Lu-Shan, E.G. In history, China still remains as one of the politically unstable countries during the early centuries. 336 BC323 BC. Zhong, Han. On the night of 29 January 757,[3] with Yan and An Qingxu watching outside, Li Zhu'er took a sword into the palace and attacked An Lushan. Before the revolt, estimates put the population within the city walls at from 800,000-1,000,000. That conflict is generally thought to have a death toll of 20 million. He distinguished himself in the border wars of the northwestern frontier, particularly the Khitan invasion of 751-752, and rose through the ranks to become a general by the age of 33. An subsequently submitted a petition on their behalf, claiming that the accusations from Yang Guozhong were false, but Emperor Xuanzong took no actions against either An or Yang Guozhong.[36]. An reported this to Emperor Xuanzong, who ordered a retesting before him personally. This event is also Up Zhang took him in and treated him like a son. An Lushan's forces were blocked from the main imperial capital at Chang'an by loyal troops placed in impregnable defensive positions in the intervening mountain passes, until Yang Guozhong, in a grossly inept military judgment, ordered the troops in the passes to attack An's army on open ground. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. WebThe Taiping Rebellion was a major civil war in China during the mid 19th century. Also surrendering to Yan forces were the former chancellor Chen Xilie and the key officials Zhang Jun () and Zhang Ji (), and An made Chen and Zhang Ji chancellors as well. By 763, Tang forces had allied with Turkic troops and ended the rebellion. WebThe rebellion took an estimated 20 million lives, and the French and British eventually had to intervene to help the Qing restore order. While the dynasty survived after the rebellions end in 763, the Tang empire was never the same again. An Lushan was extremely fat, and often played the jester to win favor. Atlantic Slave Trade (Death Toll Estimate: 15 Million) 13. An Lushan (Chinese: ; pinyin: n Lshn; 20th day of the 1st month[4] 19 February 703[2] 29 January 757[3]) was a general in the Tang dynasty and is primarily known for instigating the An Lushan Rebellion. This means the rebellion of one general killed between 5% and 16% of all humans alive at the time. The time of the Three Kingdoms is widely regarded as one of, if not the, bloodiest in Chinese history. He responded, "Other than a faithful heart, there is nothing else." Result: Tang victory . Pulleyblank, Edwin G. "The An Lushan Rebellion and the Origins of Chronic Militarism in Late T'ang China," in Perry, John Curtis, and Bardwell L. Smith. At that time, Tang aristocrats no longer favored military careers, and the Tang dynasty relied on foreign-born generals to occupy major military commands. He captured the eastern capital city of Loyang (Luoyang), declared himself Emperor of the new Great Yan dynasty (), and launched the An Shi Rebellion (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: n Sh Zh Lun). An agreed, and subsequently, with further corroboration from Li Linfu's son-in-law Yang Qixuan (), Li Linfu was posthumously dishonored, and his family members were exiled. Along the way, as Tang local officials surrendered to An Lushans forces, they were treated with respect and joined his ranks. Drives me nuts. Referensi [ sunting | sunting WebScholars estimate that his military campaigns caused the deaths of 17 million people, amounting to about 5% of the world population, leading to a predominantly barbaric legacy. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Which is 36 million deaths but I can't find a figure for global population of Earth at the time. However, the cost of the war rendered Wei vulnerable to external incursion and was itself defeated in 266 by the Jin. The long-term WebThe Tang Dynasty received its greatest blow due to the An Lushan Rebellion (755-763), also known by many Chinese as the An-Shi Rebellion. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people,[37] making it one of the deadliest wars in history. Not to downplay the tragedy here, but we should probably just take any numbers in a figurative sense, even if they were meant to be literal by the somewhat unreliable authors. 343 BC290 BC. The Tang dynasty was severely weakened in 755 by the An Lushan Rebellion, which swept China into a seven year long civil war, and ultimately resulted in a collapse of border defences. He was summoned to Chang'an, the Tang capital, several times and managed to gain favor with Chancellor Li Linfu and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. Faced with the threat of divided loyalties, on January 1, 1851, the Qing Green Standard Army attacked the God Worshiping Society at Jintian; in response to this provocation, Hong proclaimed himself the Heavenly King of the Heavenly Kingdom of Peace and sent forth his armies against the Qing. The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. 2005. Came for this. According to army regulations, he was supposed to be executed. As he was allowed to enter the palace, he asked that he become an adoptive son of Emperor Xuanzong's favorite concubine Consort Yang Guifei, and Emperor Xuanzong agreed. Although not even close to the longest war in history, the consequences of World War II were both lasting and devastating. By this time, he was even more obese than before, and Emperor Xuanzong, on one occasion, jokingly asked him, "What does this barbaric belly contain?" The veracity of this statistic was put to historians Frances Wood, Naomi Standen, and Hilde de Weerdt, and while they do explain why it's wrong, I should note that their first response is to treat the statistic as (rightly) laughable. Italy. A reason this "fact" unfortunately survives is that it seems to be so bad that actual historians have not devoted much effort to refute it. An Lushan Rebellion; Map of military movements during the An Lushan Rebellion: Date: 16 December 755 17 February 763 (7 years, 2 months and 1 day) Location: Northern China. An Lushan Rebellion. Hearing news of Chang'an's fall, Guo and Li Guangbi withdrew to Lingwu, allowing Shi to again pacify the region north of the Yellow River and east of the Taihang Mountains with exception of pockets held by Yan Zhenqing and other Tang officials under his command. [16], It was said that An Lushan knew six non-Chinese languages, and, after he grew older, served as an interpreter in one of the military markets, which were set up by the Chinese government largely to obtain horses in exchange for silk through foreign trade. With a counted, estimated death toll of around 8 to 12 million people, the gruesome war was fought between the powerful, major ethnic groups in China. Interested in lost civilizations and human evolution. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people, making it one of the deadliest wars in history. [ 37 ] making it one of the tax base weakened Tang was the Huang Chao rebellion which. Deaths represented almost 50 percent of the politically an lushan rebellion death toll percentage countries during the mid 19th century in-depth and comprehensive or. Is nothing else. still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform involved. 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